Sk 11 essence

Sk 11 essence

Arguably the most famous of the essences, this is the signature product by Japanese beauty brand SK-II. It was first introduced in 1980, and it’s still their international bestseller. It also boasts a shockingly short ingredient list. It contains a very small amount of water and preservative, and more than 90% PITERA™ — a proprietary ... SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, 2.5 fl. oz 75 ml/Japan Skincare/Soft Skin. $9499 ($94.99/Fl Oz) FREE delivery Sat, Mar 16. Or fastest delivery Fri, Mar 15. Only 2 left in stock - order soon. SK-II Facial Treatment Essence Pitera has been a true bestseller on the Asian continent for almost 40 years. Allegedly, there’s one bottle of it sold every 30 seconds! And this, despite its astronomical price tag. Because, let’s face it, the SK-II essence is far from being an affordable product. It took me a while to dare to buy (and use) it. Facial Treatment Essence by SK-II for Unisex - 11 oz Treatment. Add. $199.99. current price $199.99. Facial Treatment Essence by SK-II for Unisex - 11 oz Treatment. 593 4 out of 5 Stars. 593 reviews. Available for 3+ day shipping 3+ day shipping. SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, 2.5 Oz. Add. $85.99.The famous SK-II Facial Treatment Essence contains 90% Pitera to refine skin, even skin tone and reduce fine lines and dark spots. SK-II 's facial moisturizers are popular too, including the Skinpower Cream and Skinpower Eye Cream containing Pitera and flower extracts to revitalize skin and brighten dark circles. 88.9%.In traditional Chinese medicine, the yin organs produce, transform, and store qi, blood, body fluids, and essence. Learn about how yin organs work. Advertisement The yin organs, in...Kozmetika Essence na MAKEUP: doprava zadarmo nad 29 € na Slovensku, svetové značky, ... 20.08.2023, 11:01 ... Na tejto webovej stránke makeup.sk si môžete objednať tovar od nemeckej spoločnosti Essence s doručením, kam potrebujete.May 20, 2020 · The Best Dupes For SK-II including Purito Galacto Niacin 97 Power Essence, Then I Met You The Giving Essence, Package Forest Pick Moisturizing Cream, iUNIK Rose Galactomyces Synergy Serum, and ... When it comes to planning a wedding, every detail matters. From the dress to the décor, couples want their special day to be a reflection of their love and commitment. One often ov...In today’s digital age, search engines play a crucial role in our online experience. One such search engine that has gained significant popularity in Slovakia is Zoznam.sk. Zoznam....COSRX Snail Mucin Sheet Mask 10 EA, Snail Essence Leave-on Face Masks for Dry, Acne prone, Sensitive Skin, Snail Secretion Filtrate, Not Tested on Animals, No Parabens, No Sulfates, Korean Skincare. 10 Count (Pack of 1) 1,530. 10K+ bought in past month. $2500 ($2.50/Count) $22.50 with Subscribe & Save discount.The Best Dupes For SK-II including Purito Galacto Niacin 97 Power Essence, Then I Met You The Giving Essence, Package Forest Pick Moisturizing Cream, iUNIK Rose Galactomyces Synergy Serum, and ...SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, 11.2 oz./330mL. SK-II. Facial Treatment Essence, 11.2 oz./330mL. $325. Delivery Pickup. Expedited Delivery Options available at checkout. Free 3-5 day shipping also available at checkout on qualifying orders over $50. Get it today if ordered by 12pm. Tysons Galleria.Jul 25, 2022 · A wise man once said, "moisture is the essence of wetness, and wetness is the essence of beauty." ... 11/17. Fresh. Fresh Kombucha Facial Treatment Essence ... SK-II Facial Treatment Essence. $190 ... Commonly known as one of the best ways to apply the SK-II PITERA™ Essence, a majority of beauty aficionados swear by applying the product with their (clean) bare hands with SK-II’s iconic “Pat Pat” move — seen on their own Limited Edition Mickey Mouse bottles that were launched earlier this year for Chinese New Year. All you need is ...Shop SK-II’s Facial Treatment Essence Mini (Pitera Essence) at Sephora. A mini size of the iconic essence with over 90 percent PITERA™, now in a limited edition New Year design.The SK-II Essence shouldn't cause any extra irritation with the other two. From my experience using SK-II's Essence alongside a 3% retinoid serum it's only enhanced the results of the serum. Both aid in cell turnover. I use Innisfree Soybean Energy Essence which is an SKII dupe along with tret and a product containing vit c derivatives--there ...EWG’s Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database Rating for SK-II Facial Treatment Essence (2018 formulation). EWG’s Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database Rating for SK-II Facial Treatment Essence (2018 ... R.N.A. Power Radical New Age Essence (2018 formulation) HIGH HAZARD. Data Availability: Sk-II. GenOptics Spot Essence Serum (2018 formulation) …SK-II Facial Treatment Cleanser is a foaming face wash that removes impurities and improves skin texture. Shop online for the best-selling SK-II cleanser now. ... Facial Treatment Essence. Treatment Top Seller. USD $99.00 Add to bag. PITERA™ Facial Treatment Mask. USD $30.00 Add to bag. SKINPOWER Advanced Cream. USD … Product details. Is Discontinued By Manufacturer ‏ : ‎ No. Product Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 2.52 x 2.56 x 8.86 inches; 11.64 ounces. UPC ‏ : ‎ 135986811019. Manufacturer ‏ : ‎ SK II. ASIN ‏ : ‎ B01DZM9FI2. Best Sellers Rank: #114,206 in Beauty & Personal Care ( See Top 100 in Beauty & Personal Care) #2,118 in Facial Serums. Product Description. Product Details. Containing more than 90% Pitera™ , the much loved SK-II Facial Treatment Essence miracle water is a must-have for healthy, radiant skin. It helps maintain the skin's natural renewal cycle to its optimum condition to allow skin nourishment. It also works to balance the skin's pH and sebum secretion, so ...When it comes to basic skincare, cleansing and hydration are very important. SK-II provides you with a complete solution for these requirements while also feeding skin with essential vitamins and nutrients. Products such as the Facial Treatment Gentle Cleanser, MEN Facial Treamtment Essence, and MEN Moisturizing Cleanser contain an invigorating ... colorant. irritancy, com. 0, 0. Titanium dioxide as a colorant. It's a white pigment with great color consistency and dispersibility. SK-11 Facial Treatment Essence Eye ingredients explained: Water, Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, Glycerin, Niacinamide, Isohexadecane, Pentylene Glycol, Isopropyl Isostearate, Petrolatum, Butylene Glycol ... SK-II Facial Treatment Essence Pitera has been a true bestseller on the Asian continent for almost 40 years. Allegedly, there’s one bottle of it sold every 30 seconds! And this, despite its astronomical price tag. Because, let’s face it, the SK-II essence is far from being an affordable product. It took me a while to dare to buy (and use) it. SK-II Facial Treatment Essence. 230ml. Rp 3.050.000. Tambah ke Tas. SK-II. Facial Treatment Essence. 4.7. 435 Reviews. Rp 3.050.000. 3 pembayaran Rp 1.016.667 dengan ... Dapatkan hadiah setiap pembelian Facial Treatment Essence 230ml, Genoptics Ultraura Essence 50ml, SKINPOWER Eye Cream 15gr or SKINPOWER Essence 50ml | …Window treatments are an excellent way to add style and personality to any room. Learn more about window treatment ideas with guides and photos. Advertisement If eyes are the windo...A mild, natural preservative that usually comes to the formula together with its other mild preservative friends, such as Benzoic Acid and/or Dehydroacetic Acid. [more] SK-II Facial Treatment Essence ingredients explained: Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, Butylene Glycol, Pentylene Glycol, Water, Sodium Benzoate, Methylparaben, Sorbic Acid.About this item . SK2 Facial Treatment Gentle Cleanser is a foaming facial cleanser that gently removes impurities for clean, silky soft skin. Formulated with SK-II’s signature ingredient PITERA and skin-conditioning ingredients to take …This moisturising essence contains Pitera for cells to regenerate, reverse signs of ageing and rejuvenate skin texture. My Account. Register | Sign In; Get the app; Stores & Services ... SK-II Treatment Essence. 230ml. $328.00. Add To Bag. SK-II. Treatment Essence. 4.7. 476 Reviews. $328.00. 3 payments of $109.33 with . Size: 230ml. 230ml ...Advertisement What is the scope of your business? In other words, what business are you in? What is the essence of what your business does or what your product provides? Is it help...SK-II (pronounced S-K-Two) is a Japanese-based multinational cosmetics brand launched in the early 1980s, based on a compound derived from yeast. It is owned by parent company Procter & Gamble (P&G) and is sold and marketed as a premium skin care solution in East Asia as well as North America, Europe and Australia.Losing a loved one is an incredibly difficult experience, and finding the right words to honor their memory can be a daunting task. Celebration of life speeches offer a unique oppo...Sk-II GenOptics Aura Essence Serum contains this as ingredient number 11. Sk-II GenOptics Spot Essence Serum contains this as ingredient number 13. 12 Panthenol What it does: Skin Conditioning Community Rating: Loved Panthenol (also referred to as pro-vitamin B5) is a common ingredient that helps hydrate and soothe the …Frequently bought together. This item: SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, 5 fl. oz. $14000 ($28.00/Fl Oz) +. SK-II Women's Facial Treatment Clear …1:11 How to use the SK-II PITERA™ Essence3:27 Week ONE4:45 Week TWO7:22 Week THREE8:57 Week FOUR10:47 Finished the Bottle: The VerdictShop the SK-II PITERA™ ...SK-II have created an RNA power eye cream and Ultimate revival eye cream. The R.N.A power eye cream comes in a 0.4 oz container, slightly smaller than the La Mer eye balm which is 0.5oz. This Radical new age eye cream contains the brands Piltera bio ingredient which contains vitamins and amino acids that help improve your … SK-II Facial Treatment Essence Pitera has been a true bestseller on the Asian continent for almost 40 years. Allegedly, there’s one bottle of it sold every 30 seconds! And this, despite its astronomical price tag. Because, let’s face it, the SK-II essence is far from being an affordable product. It took me a while to dare to buy (and use) it. Facial Treatment Essence is SK-II's most awarded bestseller with more than 90% PITERA™. Transform your skin to crystal clear today! ... SK-II BESTSELLER. Personalised skincare routine For best results, products are recommended to be used in the right order. I ...September 22, 2020. Courtesy of brand. TL;DR: What It Is: A lightweight essence formulated with SK-II's proprietary ingredient, Pitera. What It Does: Quenches dry skin …I apply this product after Cellumination Essence. ... 11 years ago. The texture of this is quite unusual, ... every thing is greasy. Sk 2, facial treatment essence was a huge disappointment. So I am using cellumination line in essence now... About reviewer . Age 30-35. Skin Very Oily, Medium.SK-II. Receive 3-pcs gift set with purchase of SK-II products worth RM990. Shop SK-II skincare at Isetan Malaysia. Experience radiant crystal clear skin with SK-II's miracle ingredient PITERA™. Explore SK-II's bestselling skincare products, including the Facial Treatment Essence, Skinpower Cream and GenOptics Spot Essence here!Facial Treatment Essence. SK-II’s signature product and highly awarded best-seller. Essentially unchanged for more than 35 years, this essence transforms all five …SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, 2.5 fl. oz 75 ml/Japan Skincare/Soft Skin. $9499 ($94.99/Fl Oz) FREE delivery Sat, Mar 16. Or fastest delivery Fri, Mar 15. Only 2 left in stock - order soon.Apr 25, 2020 ... ALL INFO DOWN BELOW! Please subscribe— http://bit.ly/2n4Wl8J CONTACT INFO | SOCIAL MEDIA BLOG | https://www.lisajblog.com/ INSTAGRAM ...colorant. irritancy, com. 0, 0. Titanium dioxide as a colorant. It's a white pigment with great color consistency and dispersibility. SK-11 Facial Treatment Essence Eye ingredients explained: Water, Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, Glycerin, Niacinamide, Isohexadecane, Pentylene Glycol, Isopropyl Isostearate, Petrolatum, Butylene Glycol ...Rangkaian perawatan wajah diformulasikan dengan PITERA™. Produk kecantikan ini menjaga kelembapan & nutrisi kulit. Simak sekarang.. SK-II Facial Treatment Essence Pitera has been a true bestseller on the Asian continent for almost 40 years. Allegedly, there’s one bottle of it sold every 30 seconds! And this, despite its astronomical price tag. Because, let’s face it, the SK-II essence is far from being an affordable product. It took me a while to dare to buy (and use) it. PITERA™ Facial Treatment Clear Lotion. USD $80.00. 5.4 oz. Add to bag. 1. 2. Browse SK-II's best-selling Japanese skin care products, each packed with our exclusive ingredient, PITERA™, for youthful skin. Shop SK-II products online now. Nielsen has recently reported that 46% of viewers aren't skipping the commercials on their pre-recorded DVR programs. That number seemed ridiculously high to us, so we're asking yo...During the pandemic, some of us may have been showering less (perhaps much less) even as we spent more time sanitizing surfaces (well, at first). As we recalibrate to the new norma...Performance. 8/10. Price. 10/10. If you want to dip your toes into first essences or are curious about the SK-II one but aren't ready to commit, this is a great one to start with! Don't expect incredible results immediately, but give it a few weeks and you'll start appreciating its hydrating and brightening effects.SK-II Facial Treatment Essence Pitera has been a true bestseller on the Asian continent for almost 40 years. Allegedly, there’s one bottle of it sold every 30 seconds! And this, despite its astronomical price tag. Because, let’s face it, the SK-II essence is far from being an affordable product. It took me a while to dare to buy (and use) it.Refresh, moisturize and support skin renewal with this specially formulated Pitera Miracle Water essence for men. My Account. Register | Sign In; Get the app; Stores & Services. Stores & Events. Book Beauty Services. Bag ... SK-II MEN Facial Treatment Essence. 230ml. $328.00. Add To Bag. SK-II. MEN Facial Treatment Essence. 4.7. 44 Reviews ...Apr 30, 2020 · Commonly known as one of the best ways to apply the SK-II PITERA™ Essence, a majority of beauty aficionados swear by applying the product with their (clean) bare hands with SK-II’s iconic “Pat Pat” move — seen on their own Limited Edition Mickey Mouse bottles that were launched earlier this year for Chinese New Year. All you need is ... May 20, 2020 · The Best Dupes For SK-II including Purito Galacto Niacin 97 Power Essence, Then I Met You The Giving Essence, Package Forest Pick Moisturizing Cream, iUNIK Rose Galactomyces Synergy Serum, and ... Apr 30, 2021 · Buyers rated the Facial Treatment Mask 4.5/5 stars from 1200+ reviews on the SK-II website. Influenster users give the Pitera Essence 4.3/5 stars out of 4700+ ratings. MakeupAlley reviewers give the same product 3.8/5 stars out of 680+ ratings. Sephora customers rate the Facial Treatment Mask 4.1/5 stars from 410 reviews. It's the acidity that causes the niacinamide to transform into niacin which causes redness, AFAIK. You want to use Vitamin C first, on a bare face after cleansing, and then wait 20 minutes for the serum to absorb/your skin to return to its natural pH, and then you add on whatever else you like (the SK-II). In this way the first essence won't ...Get free shipping and returns on SK-II Facial Treatment Essence at Saks Fifth Avenue. Browse luxury SK-II Face Oils, Serums & Essences and other new arrivals. qVAfLY4rGL8BLeysite turnto.com. ... 2022 at 11:59pm (ET). Enter promotional code FALL22SF at checkout. Code valid once per account.May 29, 2017 ... Hi everyone, in this video, I will be giving a review to compare two facial essences that I am currently using – Tatcha The Essence and ...Actually COSRX Galactomyces 95 tone balancing essence or COSRX Galactomyces alcohol-free toner are better dupes for the SK II Pitera [Pitera is also known as galactomyces ferment filtrate] then Missha FTE. Alcohol-free toner is 93% match, Galactomyces 95 is 89% match, while Missha is 52% match [ according to skinskool ]. We have created a range of products that inspire all our fellow human beings on their path to happiness and vitality. We are dedicated to creating conscious change on the planet. Aura-Soma Products Shop Online at Essence. Buy the full range of Aura-Soma Products containing colour, crystal and plant energies to enhance happiness and vitality. BUY NOW. Did You Know? Your skin issues are caused. by multiple skin fundamentals being out of sync. Increased. UV Weather. DrynessLack of. Sleep. The Miracle …SK-II. The active lifestyle that goes with living in a cosmopolitan environment can sometimes be stressful for the skin. It greatly helps when one has a reliable and effective supply of skincare products that deliver customised results. SK-II offers you just that with its full array of creams, serums and essences which resolve specific skin problems. . …PITERA™ Facial Treatment Mask. USD $30.00. Get a red carpet glow in 15 minutes. A cult favorite amongst makeup artists for instant visible results. Each mask is saturated in a bottle’s worth (28ml) of PITERA™ serum – expect to see improved tone and texture & a radiant glow after just 1 use. Pour the Facial Treatment Essence onto a cotton pad or into the palm of the hand, about 5-10 splashes, enough to soak the cotton pad or palm completely. Apply to both face and neck, pressing gently and evenly into skin until the essence has soaked in. Tap the skin lightly to enhance absorption. Style Code: 0400092402321. Jun 13, 2019 · Hong Kong retailer, but with warehouses worldwide and free shipping for orders $35+. Currently SK-II products are 20+% off, plus get an extra 5% off with code G2GQ7K. $64.88 for 75ml. Cosme-De. Hong Kong retailer. Free worldwide shipping on orders $79+, $140+ for Canada, but can be slow. Often has extra discount codes. It's the acidity that causes the niacinamide to transform into niacin which causes redness, AFAIK. You want to use Vitamin C first, on a bare face after cleansing, and then wait 20 minutes for the serum to absorb/your skin to return to its natural pH, and then you add on whatever else you like (the SK-II). In this way the first essence won't ... The famous SK-II Facial Treatment Essence contains 90% Pitera to refine skin, even skin tone and reduce fine lines and dark spots. SK-II 's facial moisturizers are popular too, including the Skinpower Cream and Skinpower Eye Cream containing Pitera and flower extracts to revitalize skin and brighten dark circles. 88.9%. SK-II SKINPOWER Essence is a concentrated, hydrating serum that supercharges your skin, boosting its bounce for plump and smooth skin. ... Since I started using SK-II, I’ve been able to show my ‘true skin’ because now I am confident of my skin in its natural state. Tang Wei. SK-II user since 2010. BUY NOW.Our cult-favourite sheet mask for Crystal Clear Skin. learn more. GenOptics Spot Essence prevents and reduces the appearance of age, sun and dark spots, helping your skin to look bright and even.In the world of information technology, there are numerous organizations that play a vital role in shaping the industry and ensuring its growth. One such organization is ISACA. ISA...About the Product. Item 1448612. What it is: A powerful anti-aging treatment to reduce the appearance of fine lines & sun spots, visibly refine texture, … Report an issue with this product or seller. SK_ll,SK2 Facial Treatment Essence 230ml Skincare Pitera Water, sk2 from Japan. 150. 9 offers from $143.38. SK-II Women's Facial Treatment Clear Lotion, Multi, 5.4 Fl Oz (Pack of 1) 208. in Facial Toners & Astringents. 11 offers from $58.99. Our Products. Experience Crystal Clear Skin, with our collection of products—each packed with our signature miracle ingredient, PITERATM. PITERATM fundamentally revitalizes skin’s appearance making it visibly smooth, firm, radiant and youthful looking—your best skin yet. Shop our skincare essentials today! 29 Products. Skin Concern ... SK II Facial Treatment Essence 330ml/11oz An intensely regenerating facial essence Boosts cell metabolism to energize skin Replenishes skin with exceptional moisture Lightens blemishes & evens out skin tone Prevents the appearance of wrinkles & fine lines Unveils a softer, smoother, more radiant & younger looking complexion To use: Put a teaspoon of the Essence into palm. SK-II. Receive 3-pcs gift set with purchase of SK-II products worth RM990. Shop SK-II skincare at Isetan Malaysia. Experience radiant crystal clear skin with SK-II's miracle ingredient PITERA™. Explore SK-II's bestselling skincare products, including the Facial Treatment Essence, Skinpower Cream and GenOptics Spot Essence here! Pour the Facial Treatment Essence onto a cotton pad or into the palm of the hand, about 5-10 splashes, enough to soak the cotton pad or palm completely. Apply to both face and neck, pressing gently and evenly into skin until the essence has soaked in. Tap the skin lightly to enhance absorption. Style Code: 0400092402321. SK-II Facial Treatment Essence. 230ml. Rp 3.050.000. Tambah ke Tas. SK-II. Facial Treatment Essence. 4.7. 435 Reviews. Rp 3.050.000. 3 pembayaran Rp 1.016. ... Dapatkan hadiah setiap pembelian Facial Treatment Essence 230ml, Genoptics Ultraura Essence 50ml, SKINPOWER Eye Cream 15gr or SKINPOWER Essence 50ml | Penawaran …PITERA™ Facial Treatment Mask. USD $30.00. Get a red carpet glow in 15 minutes. A cult favorite amongst makeup artists for instant visible results. Each mask is saturated in a bottle’s worth (28ml) of PITERA™ serum – expect to see improved tone and texture & a radiant glow after just 1 use.Congratulations, graduates. Your journey through academia has finally reached its pinnacle. As you prepare to bid farewell to your beloved institution, it’s only natural to want to...Apr 30, 2021 · Buyers rated the Facial Treatment Mask 4.5/5 stars from 1200+ reviews on the SK-II website. Influenster users give the Pitera Essence 4.3/5 stars out of 4700+ ratings. MakeupAlley reviewers give the same product 3.8/5 stars out of 680+ ratings. Sephora customers rate the Facial Treatment Mask 4.1/5 stars from 410 reviews. I’m a 34-year old asian woman with dry and sensitive skin. A few months ago, I started using the SK-II starting kit, which contains the Facial Treatment Essence (“FTE”), Facial Treatment Clear Lotion, and RNA face cream. SK-II did wonders for my skin because it looks clearer and brighter and is very moisturized. I don’t have acne.SK-II Facial Treatment Essence adalah Miracle Water ringan yang cepat meresap ke dalam kulit. Merupakan produk andalan SK-II yang dinobatkan sebagai produk terlaris. Facial Treatment Essence memiliki lebih dari 90% Pitera™, bahan yang ditemukan lebih dari 30 tahun yang lalu namun masih tetap sama hingga hari ini. Formula yang tak tergantikan ini … SK-II Facial Treatment Essence Pitera has been a true bestseller on the Asian continent for almost 40 years. Allegedly, there’s one bottle of it sold every 30 seconds! And this, despite its astronomical price tag. Because, let’s face it, the SK-II essence is far from being an affordable product. It took me a while to dare to buy (and use) it. What are SK-II's best-selling products? Filled with micronutrients, the Facial Treatment Essence (Pitera Essence) is SK-II’s best-selling product. Suitable for normal, dry, combination, and oily skin types, the formula works to soften your complexion, minimize the look of fine lines, and promote a serious boost of radiance.Objavte najzaujímavejšie highlighty od essence v oblasti make-upu a krásy Online Exkluzívne produkty essence trendy edície Cruelty FreeA 150mL bottle of SK-II Essence will cost you a whopping $155, which is why my friend and I were so put out. I decided I would try to find a suitable dupe for the SK-II essence. This is how I discovered Missha’s First Treatment Essence, a similar product that sells for $53 for a 150 mL bottle, about a third of the cost of the SK-II version ...Fundi is a new platform that gets your live stream payments to you right away. Fundi, the real-time funding platform for live streaming has unveiled its new digital payment solutio...Kozmetika Essence na MAKEUP: doprava zadarmo nad 29 € na Slovensku, svetové značky, 100 % originálne výrobky. ... 30.11.2021, 19:33 ... Na tejto webovej stránke makeup.sk si môžete objednať tovar od nemeckej spoločnosti Essence s doručením, kam potrebujete. Po zadaní objednávky nad určitú sumu zorganizujeme bezplatné ...About the Product. This concentrated serum combines PITERA™ and Niacinamide to tackle visible pores, fine lines, and skin firmness. It hydrates skin to visible firm and redefine skin contours - for bouncier, softer, and …We compared the best dupes & alternatives to Sk-II's Facial Treatment Essence (Pitera Essence). Save money and don't compromise on quality with these fantastic dupes. Build your routine. ... Hada Labo Gokujyun Hyaluronic Acid Lotion 11 Son Reve Tri-Bio Treatment Essence 12 Hada Labo Gokujyun Hydrating Essence 13 ---1